diff --git a/app/CustomFuncPao.php b/app/CustomFuncPao.php
index 60037d49..daaff653 100644
--- a/app/CustomFuncPao.php
+++ b/app/CustomFuncPao.php
@@ -970,89 +970,190 @@ function findInsideProduct(array $prodotto, string $miocampo): ?string
     return null;
 }
 
-function getRigaArticoloByArt($article, $ind, $sep)
+class ArticleFormatter
 {
+    private const QTA_MINIMA_PER_PREVENDITA = 5; // Assuming this was defined elsewhere
+    private const CAMPO_PREORDINE = 'preorder'; // Assuming this was defined elsewhere
 
-    try {
-        $str = "";
+    public static function getArticleRow($article, $index, $separator)
+    {
+        try {
+            $product = self::getProduct($article->IdArticolo);
+            $stockInfo = self::getStockInfo($product);
+            $preorderInfo = self::getPreorderInfo($product);
 
-        $mydatestr = $article->DataPubblicazione;
-
-        $sku = $article->IdArticolo;
-
-        $prodotto = Product::where('sku', $sku)->first();
-
-        $permalink = "";
-
-        $qtyinstock = '';
-        $colore = 'black';
-        $prezzo = '';
-
-        if ($prodotto) {
-            try {
-                $qtyinstock = intval($prodotto['stock_quantity']);
-                $prezzo = $prodotto['sale_price'];
-                if (!$prezzo) {
-                    $prezzo = $prodotto['price'];
-                }
-
-                if ($qtyinstock <= 0) {
-                    $colore = 'red';
-                } else {
-                    $colore = 'green';
-                }
-
-                $permalink = $prodotto['permalink'];
-            } catch (\Exception $e) {
-                // ...
-            }
+            return self::formatArticleRow(
+                $article,
+                $index,
+                $separator,
+                $product,
+                $stockInfo,
+                $preorderInfo
+            );
+        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+            return "Errore getRigaArticoloByArt: " . $e->getMessage();
         }
-
-        if ($prodotto) {
-
-            $preorder = findInsideProduct($prodotto, CAMPO_PREORDINE);
-            $preorder_attivato = $preorder === 'yes';
-        }
-
-        // echo '[' . $ind . ']' . $sep . $mydatestr . $sep . $article->IdArticolo . $sep . $article->Titolo . $sep . $article->DescrizioneStatoProdotto . $sep . $article->DescrizioneFormato . ' [Quantita = ' . $article->QtaDisponibile . ']';
-        $myview = '[' . $ind . ']' . $sep .
-            '<a href="' . $article->permalink . '?id=' . $article->IdArticolo . '" target="_blank">' . $article->IdArticolo . '</a>' . $sep .
-            '<a href="' . $permalink . '" target="_blank"><span style="color:' . $colore . '; font-weight: bold;"> ' . $article->Titolo . '</span></a>' . $sep .
-            ' Pubb:' . formatDateToItalian($article->DataPubblicazione) . $sep .
-            $article->DescrizioneCollana . $sep .
-            $article->DescrizioneStatoProdotto . ' (' . $article->DescrizioneFormato . ')' . $sep .
-            '[Qta = <span style="">' . $article->QtaDisponibile . '</span>]' . $sep .
-            ' [' . showprice($prezzo) . ' ]' . $sep .
-            '[In Stock = <span style="color:' . $colore . '; font-weight: bold;">' . $qtyinstock . '</span>]' . $sep;
-
-        if (!$preorder_attivato || $qtyinstock < QTA_MINIMA_PER_PREVENDITA) {
-            $myview .= '<a href="' . $article->permalink . '/apimacro/public/aggiornapreorder/' . $article->IdArticolo . '/1/" target="_blank">Imposta in PRE-ORDINE!</a>' . $sep;
-        } else {
-            $myview .= '<a href="' . $article->permalink . '/apimacro/public/aggiornapreorder/' . $article->IdArticolo . '/-1/" target="_blank">Impostalo Non Disponibile</a>' . $sep;
-        }
-        $myview .= '<a href="' . $article->permalink . '/apimacro/public/aggiornadatapubblicazione/' . $article->IdArticolo . '/" target="_blank">Aggiorna Data Pubb</a>' . $sep;
-
-        $str .= $myview;
-
-        if ($prodotto) {
-
-            $datepreorder = findInsideProduct($prodotto, '_ywpo_for_sale_date');
-
-            if ($preorder_attivato) {
-                $str .= ' <span style="color:green">PREORDINE ATTIVO! </span>';
-                if ($datepreorder) {
-                    $str .= ' <span style="">Data PreOrdine: ' . $datepreorder . '</span>';
-                }
-            }
-            $str .= '<br>';
-        }
-    } catch (\Exception $e) {
-        return "Errore getRigaArticoloByArt: " . $e->getMessage();
     }
 
-    return $str;
+    private static function getProduct($sku)
+    {
+        return Product::where('sku', $sku)->first();
+    }
+
+    private static function getStockInfo($product)
+    {
+        if (!$product) {
+            return [
+                'quantity' => 0,
+                'price' => '',
+                'color' => 'black',
+                'permalink' => ''
+            ];
+        }
+
+        $quantity = intval($product['stock_quantity']);
+        $price = $product['sale_price'] ?: $product['price'];
+
+        return [
+            'quantity' => $quantity,
+            'price' => $price,
+            'color' => $quantity <= 0 ? 'red' : 'green',
+            'permalink' => $product['permalink']
+        ];
+    }
+
+    private static function getPreorderInfo($product)
+    {
+        if (!$product) {
+            return ['active' => false, 'date' => null];
+        }
+
+        return [
+            'active' => self::findInsideProduct($product, self::CAMPO_PREORDINE) === 'yes',
+            'date' => self::findInsideProduct($product, '_ywpo_for_sale_date')
+        ];
+    }
+
+    private static function formatArticleRow($article, $index, $separator, $product, $stockInfo, $preorderInfo)
+    {
+        $elements = [
+            self::formatIndexAndId($index, $article, $separator),
+            self::formatTitleLink($article, $stockInfo, $separator),
+            self::formatPublicationInfo($article, $separator),
+            self::formatStockInfo($article, $stockInfo, $separator),
+            self::formatPreorderActions($article, $preorderInfo, $stockInfo, $separator),
+            self::formatUpdateDateLink($article, $separator)
+        ];
+
+        $output = implode('', $elements);
+
+        if ($product && $preorderInfo['active']) {
+            $output .= self::formatPreorderStatus($preorderInfo['date']);
+        }
+
+        return $output . '<br>';
+    }
+
+    private static function formatIndexAndId($index, $article, $separator)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            '[%d]%s<a href="%s?id=%s" target="_blank">%s</a>%s',
+            $index,
+            $separator,
+            $article->permalink,
+            $article->IdArticolo,
+            $article->IdArticolo,
+            $separator
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function formatTitleLink($article, $stockInfo, $separator)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            '<a href="%s" target="_blank"><span style="color:%s; font-weight: bold;"> %s</span></a>%s',
+            $stockInfo['permalink'],
+            $stockInfo['color'],
+            $article->Titolo,
+            $separator
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function formatPublicationInfo($article, $separator)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            'Pubb:%s%s%s%s%s (%s)%s',
+            formatDateToItalian($article->DataPubblicazione),
+            $separator,
+            $article->DescrizioneCollana,
+            $separator,
+            $article->DescrizioneStatoProdotto,
+            $article->DescrizioneFormato,
+            $separator
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function formatStockInfo($article, $stockInfo, $separator)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            '[Qta = <span>%s</span>]%s[%s]%s[In Stock = <span style="color:%s; font-weight: bold;">%s</span>]%s',
+            $article->QtaDisponibile,
+            $separator,
+            showprice($stockInfo['price']),
+            $separator,
+            $stockInfo['color'],
+            $stockInfo['quantity'],
+            $separator
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function formatPreorderActions($article, $preorderInfo, $stockInfo, $separator)
+    {
+        $baseUrl = $article->permalink . '/apimacro/public/aggiornapreorder/' . $article->IdArticolo;
+
+        if (!$preorderInfo['active'] || $stockInfo['quantity'] < self::QTA_MINIMA_PER_PREVENDITA) {
+            return sprintf(
+                '<a href="%s/1/" target="_blank">Imposta in PRE-ORDINE!</a>%s',
+                $baseUrl,
+                $separator
+            );
+        }
+
+        return sprintf(
+            '<a href="%s/-1/" target="_blank">Impostalo Non Disponibile</a>%s',
+            $baseUrl,
+            $separator
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function formatUpdateDateLink($article, $separator)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            '<a href="%s/apimacro/public/aggiornadatapubblicazione/%s/" target="_blank">Aggiorna Data Pubb</a>%s',
+            $article->permalink,
+            $article->IdArticolo,
+            $separator
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function formatPreorderStatus($preorderDate)
+    {
+        $status = ' <span style="color:green">PREORDINE ATTIVO!</span>';
+        if ($preorderDate) {
+            $status .= sprintf(' <span>Data PreOrdine: %s</span>', $preorderDate);
+        }
+        return $status;
+    }
+
+    private static function findInsideProduct($product, $field)
+    {
+        // Implementation needed - this was referenced but not shown in original code
+        return $product[$field] ?? null;
+    }
 }
 
+function getRigaArticoloByArt($article, $index, $separator) {
+    return ArticleFormatter::getArticleRow($article, $index, $separator);
+}
 
 function showCartolibri()
 {
@@ -1077,6 +1178,7 @@ function showCartolibri()
     }
 }
 
+
 function showRiviste()
 {
     $articles = getArticoliRiviste();